The incretin receptor family
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretin hormones released from intestinal enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake. Both act on class B G-protein-coupled receptors. In preclinical models, receptor activation is associated with glucose-dependent insulin signalling, slowed gastric emptying and central appetite-signalling pathways.
Single agonists: Semaglutide
Semaglutide is a 31-amino-acid GLP-1 analog with an Aib substitution at position 8 (protecting against DPP-4 cleavage) and a C18 fatty di-acid side chain that promotes albumin binding and a prolonged half-life in the models studied. It is used as a reference GLP-1 receptor agonist in incretin-pathway research. View the catalogue listing →
Dual agonists: Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide engineered from the GIP sequence with activity at both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors. It carries a C20 fatty di-acid moiety and is studied as a dual-incretin reference compound in metabolic and energy-balance models. View the catalogue listing →
Typical research questions
- Receptor selectivity and signalling bias between GLP-1R and GIPR
- Glucose-dependent insulin secretion in isolated islet and cell models
- Central appetite and energy-expenditure pathways in rodent models
- Peptide stability, reconstitution and storage behaviour
Handling notes
Both compounds are supplied lyophilized. Store sealed vials refrigerated and protected from light; reconstitute with bacteriostatic water and use within the stability window indicated in your laboratory protocol. See the Lyophilized Storage Guide.